Accounting & Bookkeeping Basics

Why records rule every business

Module: Foundations

Accounting answers the three survival questions: what do we own and owe, did we profit, where did cash go. Businesses fail blind - records are headlights.

Try It Yourself

Ask any shopkeeper you know how they track credit customers; note the method.

Lessons
▶️ 1. Why records rule every business ▶️ 2. The entity concept: business is not you ▶️ 3. Assets, liabilities and capital ▶️ 4. The accounting equation ▶️ 5. Income, expenses and profit ▶️ 6. Source documents: the paper trail ▶️ 7. Cash vs accrual thinking ▶️ 8. The bookkeeping cycle overview ▶️ 9. Debit and credit: the two-sided truth ▶️ 10. Rules of debit and credit by account… ▶️ 11. Journal entries: recording transactions ▶️ 12. Ledger posting: sorting by account ▶️ 13. Cash book: the small business workhorse ▶️ 14. Bank book and reconciliation ▶️ 15. Purchase and sales books ▶️ 16. Trial balance: the self-check ▶️ 17. The income statement: profit's story ▶️ 18. The balance sheet: position photograph ▶️ 19. Depreciation: assets wearing out ▶️ 20. Stock valuation and cost of goods ▶️ 21. Debtors, creditors and working capital ▶️ 22. Ratios: reading health in numbers ▶️ 23. Cash flow: where money actually went ▶️ 24. Errors and corrections ▶️ 25. PAN, registration and business formality ▶️ 26. VAT basics: the 13% system ▶️ 27. Invoices Nepal-style: what must appear ▶️ 28. TDS: tax deducted at source ▶️ 29. Payroll records and statutory deductions ▶️ 30. Filing rhythms: monthly to yearly ▶️ 31. Audit readiness: files that pass ▶️ 32. NGO and cooperative accounting notes ▶️ 33. Spreadsheet bookkeeping: the free system ▶️ 34. Tally and accounting software concepts ▶️ 35. Digital payments in the books ▶️ 36. Monthly closing routine ▶️ 37. Detecting and preventing small-business… ▶️ 38. Bookkeeping as a service career ▶️ 39. From bookkeeper toward accountant ▶️ 40. Full cycle review and the exam
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